Determinasi Status Yodium Ibu Hamil Berdasarkan Karakteristik Sosial, Pengetahuan Gizi, Perilaku Konsumsi, dan Kadar Garam Beryodium
Abstract
Defisiensi iodium pada ibu hamil merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berdampak serius terhadap perkembangan janin, termasuk risiko gangguan pertumbuhan, hipotiroidisme, serta penurunan fungsi kognitif anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis determinan status iodium pada ibu hamil berdasarkan karakteristik sosial, pengetahuan gizi, perilaku konsumsi, dan kadar iodium garam rumah tangga. Desain penelitian adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, melibatkan 132 ibu hamil di Kabupaten Sukabumi pada Mei–Agustus 2025. Status iodium diukur melalui konsentrasi iodium urin (UIC), sedangkan kadar iodium garam diuji dengan rapid test kit. Analisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 41,7% ibu hamil mengalami defisiensi iodium. Analisis bivariat menemukan hubungan signifikan antara status iodium dengan pendidikan (p=0,021), pengetahuan gizi (p=0,004), perilaku konsumsi garam beryodium (p=0,008), dan kadar iodium garam rumah tangga (p=0,001). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor dominan adalah kadar iodium garam (OR=3,42; 95% CI: 1,65–7,10) dan pengetahuan gizi (OR=2,58; 95% CI: 1,20–5,56). Simpulan, kualitas garam rumah tangga dan literasi gizi merupakan faktor kunci dalam pencegahan defisiensi iodium pada ibu hamil. Intervensi perlu difokuskan pada pengawasan mutu garam serta edukasi gizi yang terarah untuk memastikan kecukupan iodium selama kehamilan.
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