THE AUTOANTIBODY AND ITS DETECTION IN MYASTENIA GRAVIS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Miastenia Gravis (MG) adalah penyakit autoimun yang terbatas pada organ tertentu di mana autoantibodi menyerang reseptor asetilkolin nikotinat di sambungan neuromuskular (NMJ). Gangguan fungsi reseptor ini menyebabkan kerusakan pada transmisi neuromuskular, menyebabkan kelelahan dan peradangan otot rangka, serta produksi antibodi serum terhadap antigen otot. Kelelahan pada otot, seperti pada mata, tenggorokan, bola mata, dan otot ekstremitas lainnya, memburuk saat beraktivitas namun bisa membaik dengan istirahat. MG merupakan penyakit langka dengan insiden 5,3 per juta orang per tahun dan prevalensi 77,7 per juta orang per tahun. MG bisa disebabkan karena kelainan bawaan neuromuscular maupun karena adanya autoantibodi. Patofisiologi miastenia gravis ditentukan oleh jenis autoantibodi pada penderita. Diagnosis MG terutama didasarkan pada penilaian klinis dan pengujian antibodi serum terhadap reseptor asetilkolin (AChR), tirosin kinase spesifik otot (MusK), dan lipoprotein densitas rendah 4 (LPR4) dan autoantibodi lain seperti agrin, titin, Kv14. Ryonadine yang dianggap memiliki keterlibatan dalam pathogenesis MG. Beberapa metode pengujian yan digunakan untuk mendeteksi autontibodi pada penderita MG yaitu RIPA, ELISA, FIPA dan CBA.
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