Peran Sosiodemografi, Perilaku, dan Lingkungan Fisik Rumah Terhadap Kasus Tuberkulosis
Abstract
ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius di Indonesia, khususnya di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sekip Kota Palembang yang mencatat kasus tertinggi selama tiga tahun terakhir. Faktor sosiodemografi, kondisi fisik rumah, dan perilaku individu diduga memiliki kontribusi terhadap kejadian TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian tuberkulosis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sekip Kota Palembang tahun 2025.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 106 orang yang terdiri dari 15 penderita TB dan 91 non-penderita. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur dan observasi langsung, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian TB dengan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,080), pekerjaan (p=0,004), pendapatan (p=0,042), kondisi fisik rumah (p=0,048), sikap (p=0,014), dan tindakan (p=0,027). Sementara itu, variabel umur, jenis kelamin, dan pengetahuan tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan.
Kesimpulan: Kejadian tuberkulosis di wilayah studi berhubungan erat dengan faktor sosial ekonomi, kondisi tempat tinggal, serta perilaku masyarakat. Intervensi berbasis komunitas yang mencakup perbaikan lingkungan fisik dan promosi perilaku pencegahan yang efektif sangat diperlukan dalam upaya pengendalian TB di tingkat lokal.
Kata kunci : Tuberkulosis, sosiodemografi, perilaku, kondisi fisik rumah, puskesmas sekip palembang
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, particulary in the working area of Sekip Public Health Center (Puskesmas Sekip) in Palembang City, which has reported the highest number of TB cases over the past three years. Socio-demographic factors, housing conditions, and individual behavior are presumed to contribute significantly to the incidence of TB. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the incidence of tuberculosis of tuberculosis in the working area of Puskesmas Sekip, Palembang City, in 2025.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 106 respondents, comprising 15 confirmed TB patients and 91 non-TB individuals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and direct observations and analyzed through univariate and bivariate approaches using the chi-square test,
Results: The findings indicated statistically significant associations between TB incidence and educational level (p=0,080), employment status (p=0,004), income (p=0,042), housing conditions (p=0,048), attitude (p=0,014), and preventive practices (p=0,027). However, no significant associations were observed for age, gender, or knowledge levels.
Conclusion:TB incidence in the study area is strongly associated with socioeconomic status, physical housing conditions, and behavioral factors. Community-based interventions targeting environmental improvements and the promotion of preventive behaviors are essential for effective TB control at the local level.
Keywords : Tuberculosis, socio-demographics, behavior, housing conditions, sekip public health center palembang
References
WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2022. (World Health Organizaion, 2022).
WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2023. (World Health Organizaion, 2023).
WHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2024. (World Health Organizaion, 2024).
Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2021. (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 2021).
Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2022. (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 2022).
Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta, 2023).
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang. Profil Kesehatan Kota Palembang Tahun 2021. (Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang, Palembang, 2021).
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang. Pofil Kesehatan Tahun 2022. (Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang, Palembang, 2022).
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang. Profil Kesehatan Tahun 2023. (Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang, Palembang, 2023).
Amalina, A. et al. Epidemiologi Penyakit Menular. in (ed. Pratama, A. F.) 214 (PT Bukuloka Literasi Bangsa, Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, 2025).
Bhunia, S. K., Dey, S., Pal, A. & Giri, B. Evaluation of socio-demographic profile and basic risk factors of tuberculosis patients in South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India: a hospital-based study. Afr. Health Sci. 23, 358–365 (2023).
Li, J. et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding tuberculosis in a labor-intensive industrial district. Front. Public Heal. 13, 1–9 (2024).
Agutiawan et al. Kesehatan Masyarakat Dan Kesehatan Lingkungan. in (ed. Munandar, A.) 377 (CV. Media Sains Indonesia Melong Asih Regency B40, Bandung, Jawa Barat, 2022).
Fitriadi, Y. et al. Effort to Control Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in the Community through Tuberculosis Alert Health Cadre Training. J. Community Empower. Heal. 6, 133–138 (2023).
Kaaffah, S. et al. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Tuberculosis in Indonesia: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study. Infect. Drug Resist. 16, 1787–1800 (2023).
Liu, D. et al. Transmission characteristics in Tuberculosis by WGS: nationwide cross-sectional surveillance in China. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 13, 1–8 (2024).
Gharehdaghi, Z. Distribution and Implications of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Genotypes in Animals: A Comprehensive Review. J. Adv. Biol. Biotechnol. 27, 664–679 (2024).
Xie, H. et al. An analysis of knowledge, attitudes, practice and influencing factors for tuberculosis prevention and control among Hainan University students. Front. Public Heal. 15, 1–10 (2025).
Puspitasari, I. M., Sinuraya, R. K., Aminudin, A. N. & Kamilah, R. R. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventative Behavior Toward Tuberculosis in University Students in Indonesia. Infect. Drug Resist. 15, 4721–4733 (2022).
Yuniati, F. Socio-demographic And Household Sanitation Factors Affect the Quality of Life. J. Appl. Nurs. Heal. 6, 14–26 (2024).
Hidayatullah, A., Navianti, D. & Damanik, H. D. L. Kondisi Fisik Rumah Terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas. J. Sanitasi Lingkung. 1, 72–79 (2021).
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
