DAMPAK FUNGSIONAL PENYAKIT PULPA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS HARIAN DAN KUALITAS HIDUP TERKAIT KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT PADA REMAJA ASRAMA
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Penyakit pulpa dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan gigi dan mulut (oral health-related quality of life/OHRQoL), terutama melalui gangguan fungsi harian. Namun, dampak fungsional penyakit pulpa pada remaja asrama masih jarang diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak fungsional penyakit pulpa terhadap aktivitas harian pada remaja asrama berdasarkan domain gangguan makan, gangguan istirahat dan tidur, serta gangguan bicara.
Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada 112 siswa asrama di SMA Negeri 5 Gowa. Sampel dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dan dibagi menjadi kelompok pulpitis ireversibel (n=50) dan nekrosis pulpa (n=62). Diagnosis ditegakkan melalui anamnesis dan tes vitalitas pulpa menggunakan tes termal dingin sesuai panduan American Association of Endodontists. Penilaian dampak fungsional dilakukan menggunakan domain terpilih dari Oral Health-related Endodontic Patient’s Quality of Life Scale (OHQE). Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann–Whitney dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05.
Hasil: Seluruh domain menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok pulpitis ireversibel dan nekrosis pulpa. Kelompok pulpitis ireversibel memiliki skor lebih tinggi pada gangguan makan (7,82±2,76 vs 4,63±1,45; p<0,001), gangguan istirahat dan tidur (6,66±2,62 vs 3,92±1,03; p<0,001), serta gangguan bicara (4,58±2,10 vs 2,71±0,91; p<0,001). Reliabilitas instrumen menunjukkan nilai Cronbach’s alpha yang baik hingga sangat baik (0,809–0,898).
Kesimpulan: Pulpitis ireversibel memberikan dampak fungsional harian yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nekrosis pulpa pada remaja asrama. Temuan ini mendukung konsep silent endodontic burden pada penyakit endodontik.
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