Kadar Arsenik Dalam Air Sungai, Sedimen, Air Sumur Dan Urin Pada Komunitas di Daerah Aliran Sungai Musi Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2009
Keywords:
arsenik, urin, air sungai, sedimen, air sumurAbstract
Latar Belakang: Jutaan manusia bisa terpapar arsenik. Arsenik dapat menimbulkan efek gangguan kesehatan manusia yang bersifat karsinogenik, mutagenik dan teratogenik dan toksisitasnya dapat bersifat akut dan kronik. Paparan kronik pada Arsenik meningkatkan resiko penyakit seperti lesi pada kulit, bronchitis, hepatomegali, neuropathi, peripheral vascular diseases (seperti : gangrene), penyakit cardiovascular, kanker kulit, kanker paru, dan kanker empedu. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar arsenik di dalam urin manusia dan kadar arsenik di daerah aliran sungai Musi Provinsi Sumatera Selatan tahun2009.Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional, dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini meliputi pengambilan sampel air sungai, sedimen sungai, air bersih dan urin. Besar sampel yaitu 150 responden terdiri dari 50 sampel di bagian hulu, 50 sampel di bagian tengah dan 50 sampel di bagian hilir sungai Musi. Data diambil secara purposif random sampling.Data dianalisis di laboratorium kemudian diolah, dianalisa dan diinterpretasikan dengan uji analisis univariat, bivariat (uji Mann- Whitney dan korelasi) dan multivariat (regresi linier ganda).
Hasil: Kisaran rata – rata kadar As dalam urin responden adalah 0 – 33 µg/L. Hasil analisis dengan uji korelasi umur (0,026) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kadar As dalam urin dan uji Mann-Whitney bahwa jenis kelamin ( p value = 0,0005)
, pekerjaan (pvalue = 0,005) dan kebiasaan merokok (p value = 0,0005) berhubungan secara signifikan. Sedangkan variabel yang menjadi prediktor dalam menentukan kadar arsenik dalam urin adalah jenis kelamin setelah dikontrol variabel lain.
Kesimpulan: Kadar arsenik dalam urin masih berada dibawah Biological Exposure Indices, namun hal ini dapat menyebabkan akumulasi dalam tubuh manusia dan lama kelamaan akan menimbulkan efek gangguan kesehatan.
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