Analisis Asupan Zat Gizi (Energi, Protein), Asupan Antioksidan (Vitamin A Dan C) Dengan Status Gizi Pasien Kanker Leher Rahim Yang Menjalani Kemoterapi Di Rsup Dr.Mohammad Hoesin Palembang
Abstract
Kanker adalah suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan sel-sel jaringan tubuh yang tidak normal. Sel-sel kanker akan berkembang dengan cepat, tidak terkendali dan akan terus membelah diri, selanjutnya menyusup ke jaringan sekitarnya (invasive) dan terus menyebar melalui jaringan ikat, darah dan menyerang organ-organ penting serta syaraf tulang belakang. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas, 2007, di Indonesia rasio tumor atau kanker adalah 4,3 per 1000 penduduk. Artinya dari setiap 1000 orang Indonesia sekitar 4 orang di antaranya menderita kanker. Kanker merupakan penyebab kematian nomor 7 (5,7%) setelah stroke, TB, hipertensi, cedera, perinatal dan Diabetes Melitus. Kemoterapi adalah proses pengobatan dengan menggunakan obat-obatan yang bertujuan untuk membunuh atau memperlambat pertumbuhan sel-sel Kanker. Efek samping yang sering timbul secara langsung adalah mual, muntah, sariawan, radang tenggorokan, dan gangguan pencernaan. Status gizi yang baik dapat menurunkan komplikasi dari pengobatan kanker dan membuat penderita merasa lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asupan zat gizi (energi, protein), asupan antioksidan (vitamin A dan C) dan pengetahuan gizi dengan status gizi pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi.Penelitian ini bersifat Analitik dengan rancangan Cross Sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel secara Purposive Sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat. Uji statistik dalam analisis bivariat adalah uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara asupan energi dengan status gizi pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi, sedangkan asupan protein dengan status gizi menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna, di dapat nilai p ( energi 0,009 < 0,05, protein 0,249 > 0,05 ). Tidak ada hubungan antara asupan antioksidan vitamin A, vitamin C dengan status gizi pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi. Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi dengan status gizi pasien dengan p ( pengetahuan gizi 0,035 <0,05 ). Sebaiknya pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi diberikan makanan enteral suportif terutama protein (albumin atau aminofusin), selain asupan glukosa sebagai sumber energi selain itu dapat diberikan minuman juice buah sumber antioksidan vitamin A dan C atau dalam bentuk suplemen serta penyuluhan tentang kanker dan diet serta pengobatannya kepada pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi.
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