EFEKTIFITAS EDUKASI GIZI TERHADAP PERBAIKAN ASUPAN ZAT BESI, PROTEIN, DAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA SISWAI SMA NEGERI 14 PALEMBANG
Abstract
Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di negara berkembang termasuk di Indonesia. Anemia ditandai dengan rendahnya kadar hemoglobin yang dapat menimbulkan gejala lesu, lelah, lemah, letih, dan cepat lupa yang akan berakibat menurunkan prestasi belajar, olahraga, dan produktifitas kerja. Selain itu, anemia gizi besi dapat menurunkan daya tahan tubuh sehingga tubuh mudah terserang infeksi (Masrizal, 2007). Realita remaja sekarang kurang begitu suka mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung zat besi, biasanya suka mengkonsumsi junk food dan fast food sehingga tubuh tidak mendapat asupan gizi yang bervariasi, sehingga dapat terjadinya penurunan produksi sel darah merah, sehingga mudah terjadi anemia (Fitriani, 2015). Faktor Penyebab Masalah Gizi pada Remaja (Moehji, 2003), adalah Kebiasaan makan yang buruk, pemahaman gizi yang keliru, kesukaan yang berlebihan terhadap makanan tertentu, promosi yang berlebihan melalui media massa, masuknya produk-produk makanan baru dari negara lain. Penyuluhan/pendidikan gizi merupakan proses belajar untuk mengembangkan pengertian dan sikap yang positif terhadap gizi agar yang bersangkutan dapat memiliki dan membentuk kebiasaan makan yang baik dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. (Supariasa, 2012). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifas edukasi gizi terhadap asupan gizi besi, asupanprotein dan kadarhemoglobin siswa/i SMA Negeri 14 Palembang. Penelitian ini bersifat semu (Quasi Experimen) dilakukan dengan cara Pre Test – Post Test Jumlah sampel sebanyak 140 siswa/i terdiri dari kelompok perlakuan 70 siswa, pembanding 70 siswa. Kelompok perlakuan diberi edukasi gizi dan leaflet, sedangkan pembanding hanya diberi leaflet tentang gizi. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 2 minggu, efektifitas edukasi gizi sebelum dan sesudah intervensi diuji dengan Pairedt-test Perbedaan perlakuan dan kelompok pembanding diuji dengan Independent t-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan meningkatkannya zat besi (Fe) sebesar 1.177 mg, asupan protein sebesar 4.2 gram dan kadar hemoglobin 0.32 g/dl. Efektifitas edukasi gizi terhadap perbaikan asupan zat besi, asupan protein, dan kadar hemoglobin memiliki adanya perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistic (p value < 0.005)
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