Gambaran Pengetahuan Penderita Diabetes Melitus terhadap Skrining Fungsi Ginjal di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kota Bengkulu
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Diabetes militus ialah suatu penyakit yang tidak menular, melainkan diakibatkan perubahan pola hidup seperti pola makan dapat memegang peranan dalam meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah ini yang menyebabkan komplikasi penyakit salah satunya gagal ginjal dengan di tandai keberadaan protein dalam urine menandakan adanya kebocoran dan penurunan pada Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (LFG). Untuk alasan ini, pemeriksaan protein urine adalah prosedur skrining yang berguna untuk mendeteksi kelainan ginjal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan penderita diabetes melitus terhadap skrining gagal ginjal di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pasar Ikan Kota Bengkulu
Metode : yang digunakan pada penelitian, yaitu menggunakan metode deskriptif. Populasi penelitian, yaitu pasien yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Pasar Ikan Kota Bengkulu dengan diagnosis medis DM. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 30 responden dengan purposive sampling. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar protein urin dilanjutkan wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan manajemen Diabetes Melitus yang sudah dilakukan uji validitas dan realiabitas. Kemudian, data di analisis univariat untuk melihat karakteristik demografi pasien dan disajikan dalam distribusi frekuensi.
Hasil : asil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan pada kategori cukup (56%), kategori baik (34%), dan kurang (10%). Secara klinis, ditemukan bahwa 63% responden positif proteinuria, dengan rincian: positif 1 (+) sebanyak 30%, positif 2 (++) 13%, dan positif 3 (+++) 20%. Selain itu, ditemukan fakta bahwa 100% responden tidak rutin mengonsumsi obat (tidak terkontrol), serta didominasi oleh kelompok usia lansia ≥ 60 tahun (80%).
Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar penderita DM di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Pasar Ikan Kota Bengkulu memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai skrining fungsi ginjal, namun memiliki kepatuhan pengobatan yang sangat rendah. Tingginya angka proteinuria menunjukkan risiko besar terjadinya gagal ginjal kronis, sehingga diperlukan penguatan edukasi manajemen diet dan kepatuhan terapi obat.
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