RESEARCH GAP DAN MODEL FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT FERTILITAS: SUATU STUDI LITERATUR
Abstract
Latar Belakang: pada dasarnya masalah kependudukan Indonesia berkaitan dengan tiga aspek utama yaitu, kuantitas, kualitas dan mobilitas, dari aspek kuantitas jumlah penduduk duduk dunia dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan termasuk juga di Indonesia. Penyebab pertambahan penduduk yang utama karena adanya kelahiran (Fertilitas). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengindentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat fertilitas serta mengidentifikasi beberapa research gap guna untuk penelitian yang akan datang.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi literature dengan menelaah 25 jurnal dengan tema yang sama.
Hasil: analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesuburan beberapa literatur terdiri dari Faktor Tidak Langsung, yaitu: Pertama, Faktor Demografis (variabel kontrol); Kedua, Faktor Sosial dan Ekonomi; Ketiga, Faktor Mortalitas (kematian); Keempat, Faktor Norma; Kelima, Faktor Lingkungan (program); dan Faktor Langsung, yaitu: Pertama, hubungan seksual (intercourse), Kedua, Konsepsi (konsepsi), dan Ketiga, Kehamilan (gestasi). Terdapat gap dalam metodologi, dimana mayoritas peneliti sebelumnya mayoritas menggunakan metode kuantitatif, serta terdapat gap dalam objek penelitian, dimana mayoritas penelitian – penelitian terdahulu umumnya hanya fokus pada PUS dengan umur 15-49 (pasangan usia subur).
Kesimpulan: faktor-faktor yang yang mempengaruhi tingkat fertilitas di ambil dari beberapa literature dapat disimpulkan bahwa tinggi rendahnya tingkat fertilitas di suatu daerah atau wilayah adalah hasil dari keputusan individu untuk membatasi kelahiran. Keputusan ini tidak terlepas dari interaksi proses perubahan sosial, budaya, norma, kepercayaan, ekonomi dan pertumbuhannya, urbanisasi dan modernisasi..
Kata kunci : Fertilitas, Studi Literatur
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