HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR KARAKTERISTIK VEGETARIAN DENGAN ANEMIA DI INDONESIA VEGETARIAN SOCIETY KOTA PALEMBANG
Abstract
Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah gizi mikro yang cukup serius dengan prevalensi tertinggi dialami negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Anemia adalah penyakit kurang darah yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh konsumsi makan yang dimakan kurang mengandung besi. Kurangnya konsumsi zat besi pada masyarakat Indonesia disebabkan lebih banyak mengkonsumsi makanan nabati yang lebih rendah kandungan zat besinya daripada makanan hewani yang tinggi kandungan zat besi, sehingga sangat berisiko terhadap terjadinya anemia. Hal inilah yang membuat kaum vegetarian sering dicurigai lebih rentan terkena anemia ketimbang kelompok non-vegetarian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan faktor-faktor karakteristik vegetarian (kelompok umur.jenis kelamin.jenis vegetarian dan lamanya menjadi vegetarian) dengan anemia di Indonesia Vegetarian Society (IVS) Kata Palembang Tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Metode yang dipakai adalah cara automatik. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square. Jumlah sampel 40 orang vegetarian anggota IVS. Hasil 14 orang vegetarian (35%) yang mengalami anemia dan 26 vegetarian (65%) tidak mengalami anemia. Hasil 6 orang vegetarian (42,9%) menderita jenis anemia mikrositik-hipokromik, 8 orang vegetarian (5 7, 1 %) menderita jenis anemia normositik-normokromik dan tidak ada yang menderita jenis anemia makrositik-normokromik. Dari hasil uji statistik yang dilakukan adanya hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin (p value: 0,036) dengan anemia. Sedangkan untuk kelompokumur (p value: 1,000),jenis vegetarian (p
value: 0,453) dan lamanya menjadi vegetarian (p value: 0,316) tidak ada hubungan dengan anemia. Disarankan kepada peneliti selanjutnya agar dapat melanjutkan penelitian ini dan melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang lain seperti pemeriksaan sediaan apus darah untuk melihat morfologi eritrosit.
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