PERBANDINGAN KADAR TIMBAL DALAM BAYAM AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR L BERDASARKAN JARAK LOKASI PENANAMAN DARI JALAN RAYA KOTA PALEMBANG
Abstract
Sayuran adalah salah satu sumber bahan makanan yang banyak mengandung nutrisi. Sa/ah satu sayuran yang memiliki nutrisi yang banyak adalah bayam. Bayam yang memiliki nama ilmiah Amaranthus spp. ini merupakan tumbuhan yang biasa ditanam untuk dikonsumsi daunnya sebagai sayuran hijau. Menurut Ahmad R (1994), pencemaran logam timbal telah menyebabkan sayuran yang ditanam dekat jalan raya padat lalu lintas mengandung timbal di atas ambang batas yang ditentukan oleh WHO, yakni sebesar 15, 5 ppm sampai 29,9 ppm. Sumber utama pencemaran timbal yaitu dari emisi kendaraan bermotor. Timbal yang masuk ke dalam tubuh dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan seperti anemia, kerusakan ginjal, merusak sistem saraf, dll. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar timbal (Pb) dalam bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L) berdasarkanjarak lokasi penanaman dari jalan raya di kota Palembang. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di petak kebun bayam cabut putih (Amaranthus tricolor L) yang terdapat di Jalan
Pangeran Ayin Kenten Palembang. Sampel penelitian adalah bayam cabut putih yang diambil secara acak sederhana. Metode pemeriksaan timbal menggunakan metode spektrofotometri dengan AAS.Dari hasil analisa data maka didapatkan rata-rata kadar Timbal (Pb) dalam bayam yang ditanam pada jarak 100 meter dari jalan raya adalah 19,93480 ppm lebih tinggi dibandingkan rata-rata kadar Timbal (Pb) dalam bayam yang ditanam pada jarak > 100 meter dari jalan raya adalah 16, 5 67 48 ppm. Dari data ini tergambar rata-rata. Tetapi setelah dilakukan uji statistik bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara jarak penanaman dari jalan raya
dengan peningkatan kadar timbal (Pb) dalam bayam dengan P Value 0,655. Konsentrasi rata-rata kadar timbal adalah 3,367320 ppm melebihi batas nilai yang ditetapkan oleh Dirjen Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan tentang Batas Maksimum Cemaran Logam dalam Makanan yaitu 2, 0 ppm. Dengan demikian walaupun tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna disarankan agar masyarakat tetap harus memperhatikan jarak penanaman dari jalan raya terhadap peningkatan kadar timbal (Pb).
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