FAKTOR RISIKO STATUS GIZI DAN ERUPSI GIGI TETAP PREMOLAR-2 PADA ANAK USIA 10 TAHUN DI KECAMATAN TUAH NEGERI
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Status gizi buruk dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi pada anak. Kondisi malnutrisi akan berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan tulang. Proses pertumbuhan tulang yang terhambat akan mengakibatkan proses maturasi tulang periodontal yang mendukung gigi terhambat sehingga anak dapat mengalami keterlambatan erupsi gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status gizi dan erupsi gigi pada anak usia 10 tahun di Kecamatan Tuah Negeri.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah anak usia 10 tahun berjumlah 45 orang, yang diambil secara random dari sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Tuah Negeri. Penentuan status gizi berdasarkan antropometri dengan mengukur tinggi badan dan dikelompokkan sesuai Z-score menjadi stunting (≤ 2 SD) dan tidak stunting (> 2SD). Observasi oral dilakukan untuk melihat adanya erupsi gigi pada gigi permanen premolar-2 atas kiri - kanan dan dicatat di dalam odontogram. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 26 dengan uji chi-square.
Hasil: Hasil pengukuran status gizi didapatkan bahwa 12 anak (26,7%) mengalami stunting dan 33 anak (73,3%) tidak mengalami stunting. Pada anak yang mengalami stunting, terdapat 8 anak (66,7%) yang mengalami keterlambatan erupsi gigi premolar-2 atas kanan dan 7 anak (58,3%) yang mengalami keterlambatan erupsi gigi premolar-2 atas kiri. Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan p=0.032 dan OR=4.600 untuk hubungan antara stunting dan status erupsi gigi premolar-2 atas kanan dan p=0.039 dan OR=4.375 untuk hubungan antara stunting dan status erupsi gigi premolar-2 atas kiri.
Kesimpulan: terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dan erupsi gigi pada anak usia 10 tahun di Kecamatan Tuah Negeri. Anak yang mengalami stunting 4,6 kali lebih berisiko mengalami keterlambatan erupsi gigi premolar-2 kanan atas dan 4,4 kali lebih berisiko mengalami keterlambatan erupsi gigi premolar-2 kiri.
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